The effect of NUMBER of mating on longevity and fecundity of the predatory mite Euseius scutalis Athias-henriot was studied under laboratory conditions (at 25±1 ºC, 60 ± 5 % RH and 16: 8 L:D). Newly emerged adult females (less than 24 h) were held individually in a 9 cm arena. A male (less than 24 h) remained with a female for limited periods of time or continuously. Four treatments were designed: virgin females, single mated females, multiple mated females (female had access to a male every five days), multiple mated females (female had continuous access to a male). Mating was necessary for oviposition. Virgin females lived the longest (25 days). However, no significant differences were found among longevity of mated females (12- 15). Similarly, no significant differences were detected among fecundity of females with different NUMBERs of mating (18- 22 eggs). Sex ratio was significantly female-biased in progeny of single mated females and multiple mated females with periodic access to male. However, no significant difference was found in sex ratio of progeny of multiple mated females with continuous access to male.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval CHANNEL by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning CHANNEL is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning CHANNELs according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped CHANNELs stretched in different lengths.

The objective of this study was to determine the allowed and desired limits for heavy soils of texture (clay loom), as it has operational capability (friability), These limits were 6.34 mm for planting and 10.62 mm for harvesting in each raining or irrigation episode. We determined some factors that affect soil wetness and water content as follow: the amount and severity of rain, the condition of soil’s drainage, the percent of air moisture, evapotranspiration, the amount of runoff, the amount and severity of sunlight, the ambient temperature, the condition of vegetation and, the soil texture. The time needed for dryness and removal of soil moisture as evapotranspiration in each over- desired and allowed capacity rains are 5-7 days. Also, because of higher evaporation in planting time (late April and early May) than in harvesting time (November), and also higher surface temperature in spring, both result in moving the vapor from deeper layers of soil to surface. Therefore, as our result showed, the time needed for readiness of soil for machinery operation at time of planting are 5 days for planting (late April and early May) and 7 days for harvesting time (November). According to our calculation, 19.5% of rains at planting time and 7.5% at harvest time changed to run- off; and with taking this amount of run- off in account at allowed- limit calculation, and also because of texture of the studied soil, the maximum allowed rain in which the soil remains in proper condition for machinery planting and harvesting activities exceeded 7.6 and 11.41 mm in each rainy day. As a result, according to limiting factor of well doing of operations and also factors affecting these restricting factors, the NUMBER of working days for mechanized planting operation was found to be about 19.69 days and also 21.98 days for harvesting operations in farms with heavy soil with 98% of probability.

Four STREAMs with different sizes were selected for studying the effects of environmental factors on fish assemblages using indirect (Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA) and direct (Redundancy Analysis, RDA) gradient analysis in Golestan province. DCA of presence-absence and relative abundance data showed well gradient and linear model of species variability. In the within-site RDA, environmental factors explained 74. 8 % variability for presence– absence data and 77. 5% for the relative abundance data. Evaluation of two first axis of RDA showed that first axis has a high correlation with habitat characteristics and second axis correlated with CHANNEL morphology attributes. Based on RDA diagrams, Paracobitis malapterura and Capoeta capoeta gracilis presented in Zaringol and Tilabad STREAMs and had a high correlation with percent of in-STREAM vegetation and percent of cobble in first axis and low flow mean depth and low flow width in second axis. While Alburnoides bipunctatus and Neogobius fluviatilis had high correlation with percent of snag, pool and sand within STREAMs. It should be stated that factors such as the size of the catchment, hydrographical and geomorphological characteristics, and land use change the morphology and STREAM habitats, and ultimately lead to the removal of some species in adjacent STREAMs.

Inlet performance is an important field in aerodynamic design of aerial vehicle engines. This study focuses on numerical investigation of Mach NUMBER effects on a supersonic axisymmetric mixed compression inlet performance. For this purpose, a density based finite volume CFD code has been developed. A structured multi-block grid and an explicit time discretization of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations have been used. Furthermore, Roe’s approximated Riemann solver has been utilized for computing inviscid flux vectors. Also, the monotone upSTREAM centered schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) extrapolation with Van Albada limiter have been used to obtain second order accuracy. In addition, Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model has been used to close the governing equations. The code is validated in three test cases by comparing numerical results against experimental data. Finally, the code has been utilized for numerical simulation of a specific supersonic mixed compression inlet. The effects of free STREAM Mach NUMBER on performance parameters, including mass flow ratio (MFR), drag coefficient, total pressure recovery (TPR), and flow distortion (FD) have been discussed and investigated. Results show that increase in Mach NUMBER, leads to decrease in TPR and drag coefficient; however, MFR and FD increase. Also, FD variations with respect to other performance parameters are significant, such that increase in Mach NUMBER from 1.8 to 2.2 leads to more than 100% FD increment while increase in MFR is less than 10%. By using this code it will be possible to design, performance parametric study, and geometrical optimization of axisymmetric supersonic inlet.

Introduction Geomorphology can contribute to the management of fluvial systems through study of CHANNEL STREAM hazards. Hazards have been identified for geomorphic systems, being defined as any landform change, natural or otherwise, that adversely affects the geomorphic stability of a place (Chin & Gregory, 2005). River hazards include flood, erosion, and deposition. Among human modifications, urbanization has the most irreversible impacts on river systems. Urban development can have two direct or indirect effects on the rivers. Direct modifications of river CHANNELs, such as straightening and CHANNELization along with indirect modification changes the Earth’ s surface by replacing the natural land cover with impervious surfaces (Chin et al., 2013). In this research, the city of Noshahr has been studied. Noshahr is located in north of Iran in Mazandaran Province. The city is situated in south of the Caspian Sea and western coastal plain of Mazandaran. In this area, the width of coastal plain is less than 5 Km and it is geologically bound by Alborz Mountain Ranges. Urban geology is composited with marine and alluvial sediments. The climate of the region is temperate with an average annual rainfall of 1273 mm and the mean of temperature is 16. 2C. Three major STREAMs, Mashlak, Gerde-kal, and Korkorsar cross the urban area. Materials and Methods The paper has proposed a classification method for CHANNEL STREAM hazards in urban regions. The work is done in three steps: a) The CHANNEL reach was identified based on the geomorphic characteristics and the STREAM adjustment indicators. The step assesses the river sensitivity of each reach based on its capacity for adjustment and classifies the reach scale adjustment based on the magnitude and rate of the response observed in aerial photographs (Reid & Brierley, 2015). Geomorphic sensitivity of each reach was ranked as high (H), moderate (M) and low (L); b) In the second step, each STREAM reach was divided based on direct human activity (management) and STREAM structures. The STREAM reach has categorized into four classes: A, B, C and D. Class A shows the most interventions, while class D is at least interventions in each STREAM reach. c) In this step, CHANNEL STREAM was classified into twelve classes by combining the two previous steps (geomorphic adjustment and human activity). The intensity of geomorphic process activity are marked with values 1, 2 and 3. Result and Discussion In this study, 14 reach of urban STREAMs were investigated. Dimensions of three main STREAMs of Mashlak, Gerde-kal and Kurkorsar were measured using aerial photos (1999-2016) and the field work. All STREAM reach in study area are limited between alluvial terraces. The average height of these terraces varies from 2 to 4 meters and has been created in the last phase of the retreat of the Caspian Sea. The capacity of geomorphic adjustment is moderate (M) and low (L) in all STREAM reaches. CHANNEL types are classified according to natural adjustment capacity and human interventions. According to this, the reaches of Korkorsar (1-4) and Mashlak STREAMs (12-14) have near naturally CHANNELs and fall into classes of MD and MC. These CHANNELs have a moderate natural adjustment capacity, and the human interventions to protect of rivers are less than 10%. CHANNEL reaches in the Gerde-Kal were categorized into the classes of LA and LB. These CHANNELs have a low adjustment capacity and their banks have protected by bank revetments such as concrete and boulder more than 60 percent. After classification, the river CHANNEL hazards including erosion, sedimentation, human activity, and hydrology were investigated at each reach of CHANNEL. In the class of MD, erosion is dominant and natural adjustment occurs during floods. The observed human interference is occupying the flood plain, urban debris accumulation and the quarrying of CHANNEL sediments. In LB and LA classes, sedimentation forms are observed in all reaches. Sedimentation has reduced the CHANNEL capacity; hence, flood has exited from the alluvial terraces and has damaged urban areas. Also, removing the arch of the rivers (creating a direct CHANNEL), the construction of transverse walls in the CHANNEL bed and the reduction of the CHANNEL slope are effective factors in the outflow of the CHANNEL. Conclusions CHANNEL STREAM classification based on river hazards can accommodate CHANNEL reaches with similar processes and forms in a group, and it provides an analysis of the available and probable hazards in STREAM CHANNELs. In addition, the effects of upSTREAM river can be studied in the downSTREAM CHANNEL. Such a spatial view provides a useful framework for management strategies.

Introduction: The bankfull discharge corresponds to the river level just before it starts to flow out of its main CHANNEL and over its floodplain (Navratil et al., 2006). Bankfull discharge is a deterministic discharge often used to estimate the CHANNEL-forming discharge. It is adopted that the bankfull discharge (magnitude and frequency) is one of the important concepts in the analysis of river morphology, flood events and ecological systems. River geomorphologists are particularly interested in bankfull discharge because it serves as a consistent morphological index that can be applied in river engineering and STREAM restoration to design a stable size and shape for a STREAM so that its CHANNEL will maintain its dimensions, pattern, and profile over time without degrading or aggrading (Rosgen, 1994; Knighton, 1996). Bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships vary by region along with changes in hydrology, soils, and land uses (Doll et al., 2002). This study investigates spatial changes in the bankfull hydraulic geometry such as width, depth and cross section area with bankfull discharge and catchment area....

To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant tissue culture condition, the effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on the regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The highest shoot NUMBER (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing the hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of the inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant tissue culture. Calcium ion signaling is one of the primary events and, of course, the most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, Therefore, the effect of verapamil as a calcium CHANNEL blocker was investigated on the plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized tissue culture condition. The effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-culture medium. Results showed that the use of verapamil in comparison with the control sample reduced the plant defense response. Also, the use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased the amount of regeneration

The STREAM ciphers are one of the most important cryptosystem in cryptography and their applications are very diverse, particularly in defense industries and telecommunications. This crypto system is designed based on a key STREAM and also the key STREAM is created using a pseudo random NUMBER generator. In this paper, first, a new pseudorandom NUMBER generator is designed based on discrete logistic map and independency, uniformity and randomness of the generated NUMBERs by proposed pseudo random NUMBER generator are tested by correlation test, goodness of fit test and NIST tests. The tests results illustrate suitable quality of proposed generator for cryptographic applications properly. Next, a new synchronous STREAM cipher algorithm using the proposed pseudo random NUMBER generator is designed and simulated. Finally, the algorithm has been tested using three different methods and is compared with some other cryptography algorithms.